Water distribution characteristics of spray nozzles in a cooling tower

Powder Stream Characteristics in Cold Spray Nozzles

The exponential increase of industrial demand in the past two decades has led scientists to the development of alternative technologies for the fast manufacturing of engineering components, aside from standard and time consuming techniques such as casting or forging. Cold Spray (CS) is a newly developed manufacturing technique, based upon the deposition of metal powder on a substrate due to hig...

Characterization of Cryogenic Spray Nozzles with Application to Skin Cooling

* Corresponding author: Beckman Laser Institute and Medical Clinic, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92612. e-mail: [email protected] ABSTRACT Cryogenic sprays are used for cooling of human skin during laser treatments of hypervascular lesions, such as Port Wine Stain birthmarks. In this work, six straight-tube nozzles, including two commercial nozzles, are characterized by obtain...

Appendix S Sediment Analysis from Water Baskets and Spray Nozzles

Factors stimulating propagation of legionellae in cooling tower water.

Our survey of cooling tower water demonstrated that the highest density of legionellae, >/=10 CFU/100 ml, appeared in water containing protozoa, >/=10 MPN/100 ml, and heterotrophic bacteria, >/=10 CFU/100 ml, at water temperatures between 25 and 35 degrees C. Viable counts of legionellae were detected even in the winter samples, and propagation, up to 10 CFU/100 ml, occurs in summer. The counts...

Enumeration of Legionella pneumophila in cooling tower water systems.

Legionella pneumophila, the causative agent of Legionnaires' disease, is known to colonise and frequently grow in cooling tower waters. Disease is acquired by inhaling aerosol contaminated by legionellae. Determination of the count of Legionella pneumophila in cooling tower waters may, therefore, be useful for risk assessment. In our survey, 103 water samples from 50 cooling towers were examine...